Cовременный взгляд на возможности профилактики деменции

Распространенность деменции прогрессивно увеличивается, что делает актуальной проблему профилактики. Первичная профилактика деменции заключается в предотвращении трансформации умеренных когнитивных расстройств (УКР) в деменцию, вторичная профилактика – это раннее выявление и раннее лечение деменции, а третичная профилактика – это снижение темпов прогрессирования деменции.

В современных исследованиях большое внимание уделяется коррекции модифицируемых факторов риска, обусловленных образом жизни, как первичной профилактики.

Очень важным компонентом здорового образа жизни, направленного на предотвращение развития когнитивного снижения, является физическая активность. Механизмы положительного влияния физической активности на когнитивные функции связаны с уменьшением риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, повышением церебральной перфузии и мозгового кровотока, изменением нейрогенеза и нейрональной пластичности. Стратегии, связанные с питанием, сосредоточены на формировании диеты, среди которых наиболее многообещающие результаты показала средиземноморская диета. Нормализация сна также считается очень важным аспектом профилактики когнитивных расстройств, т. к. нарушения сна провоцируют развитие сердечнососудистой патологии, приводят к изменению обмена амилоида.

Однако, наряду с борьбой с факторами риска, сейчас все большее внимание уделяется возможностям медикаментозной профилактики развития деменции. Проведенные экспериментальные исследования подтверждают нейропротективный эффект Акатинола (мемантин). В клинических исследованиях доказана эффективность Акатинола в терапии болезни Альцгеймера и сосудистой деменции и продемонстрирован болезнь-модифицирующий эффект.

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