Патофизиологические нарушения в метаболизме железа при развитии ожирения и метаболического синдрома

Ожирение и метаболический синдром являются одной из основных проблем общественного здравоохранения в XXI в. из-за их распространенности. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, дислипидемия, сахарный диабет 2-го типа, артериальная гипертензия, хроническое воспаление и анемия – сопутствующие ожирению неинфекционные заболевания. При ожирении возникают нарушение метаболизма и дефицит железа, что еще больше способствует развитию метаболических расстройств. Железо является вторым по распространенности металлом на Земле, при этом его дефицит является наиболее распространенным нарушением питания, а его биодоступность снижена из-за образования им нерастворимых оксидов. Метаболизм железа в организме связан с образованием активных форм кислорода, участвующих в процессах липопероксидации, и регулируется в  организме человека на  всех уровнях, а  нарушение регуляции любого этапа метаболизма может приводить к дефициту железа и развитию анемии, связанному с ожирением. В этой обзорной статье суммируются данные о молекулярных и клеточных нарушениях в обмене железа при ожирении и метаболическом синдроме. Целью нашего исследования явилось изучение данных литературы о патофизиологических нарушениях в метаболизме железа при развитии ожирения и метаболического синдрома. В будущем потребуются дополнительные исследования по изучению метаболизма железа при ожирении с целью профилактического и терапевтического воздействия на него. До конца не изучена роль окислительного стресса при нарушении обмена железа при ожирении, при этом дефицит железа способствует усилению процессов липопероксидации при антиоксидантной недостаточности. В таких условиях окислительный стресс может вызывать повреждение клеток и разрушать эритроциты. Возникает вопрос: может ли восстановление гомеостаза железа при ожирении улучшить метаболические, воспалительные расстройства и уменьшить проявление окислительного стресса, став новым инновационным подходом к лечению сопутствующих метаболических заболеваний, связанных с ожирением. 

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